Heating apparatus



PATENTE)2.213.9.1904.

s. P.' SHAEER. HEATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED 11017224. 19024.

2 SHEETS-SELBST l.

H0 MODEL.

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PATENTE) PEB. 9, 1904.

s. T. SHATBR. HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24. 1902.

No MODEL.

bHgesses f has the smoke-exit 5.

Patented February 9, 1904.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL F. SHAFER, 0F FINDLAY, OHIG.

HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming partei' Letters Patent No. 752,002, dated February 9, 1904. Application filed November 24,1902. Serial No. 132,667. (No model.)

.To all whom, it may oon/cern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL F. SHAEEn,a citizen of the United States, residing at Findlay, in the county of Hancock and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates toheating apparatus, such as furnaces in which air is heated prior to its distribution to the apartments to be heated.

The object of my invention is to utilize the heat derived from the combustion of fuel to the fullest extent possible. It is well known that in most furnaces of vordinary construction a great loss of heat occurs by the passage of the products of combustion into the escapeiiue in a highly-heated state, thereby involving a corresponding waste of fuel. ABy my invention I aim to utilize the heat energy contained in the products of combustion to the greatest possible extent, and this I accomplish in the manner which will be hereinafter described.

My invention then maybe said to consist in the improved construction, arrangement, and combination of the parts constituting a heating apparatus, which will be hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims. Y

In the accompany drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a simple form of my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a modification. Fig. 3' is a horizontal sectional view illustrating another modification. Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 4 4 in Fig. 3.

Correspanding parts in the several figures are indicated by similar numeralsl of reference.

In the simple form of my invention illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings, 1 designates the furnace casing, which is of elongated shape, having at its front end the combustionchamber 2 and ash-pit 3, separated by the grate 4. The rear end of the furnace-casing At the front end of the casing is a hot-air chamber 6, having opening 7, which may be connected by lues 'or vpassages with the apartments to be heated. A

flue-sheet 8, which separatesv the hot-air chamber 7 from the interior of the boiler-casing, is connected by means of flues 9 with an airchamber 10 at the rear end of the boiler-casing and separated therefrom by a flue-sheet 11. The air-chamber 10 has an entrance 12 at its lower end. To avoid the waste of heat by radiation, it is preferred to construct the boiler-casing of two thicknesses 13, of sheet metal, separated by an intermediate layer 14, of asbestos or similar non-conducting material. Baffie-plates 15 are disposed at suitable intervals within the furnace-casing, lsuch of the balie-plates as rise from the bottom being provided atV their lower ends with doors or slides 16, which may be removed when necessary to clean the casing. The fines 9 are preferably oblong or elliptical in cross-section and disposed edgewise in the casing, so as to leave little chance of soot and obstructions lodging thereon, such accumulations as occur being readily removed by providing suitable hand-holes 17 in the sides of the casing. These hand-holes, as shown, are preferably closed-by external slides 18. (Indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1.) In the operation of this form of my invention the products of combustion pass from the combustion-chamber or fire-box 2 through the furnace-casing and to the exit-flue, the course being a zigzag one owing to the position of the baffle-plates 15. The cold air, which enters at the lower end of the chamber 10, passes through the nues 9 and to the hot-air chamber 8, which is located above the combustionchamber, where it receives the direct impact of the heat. Itis obvious that during the passage through the pipes 9 the air will absorb length of the flues or air-ducts 9. Under all circumstances, however, it will be seen that the cold air enters practically at the point of discharge of the products of combustion and passes in the opposite direction 'from said products of combustion, the air-passages being entirely surrounded by said products, the heat of which is thus absorbed until the hotair chamber is reached, from whence distribution is made. construction is carried out more air may be heated to a given temperature or the same amount of air may be heated to a higher temperature by a given amount of fuel than would be possible in any construction of a furnace Where the products of combustion are permitted to escape into the chimney while yet in a highly-heated condition. v

By the modification of my invention illustrated in Fig. 2 the combustion-chamber 2 at the Afront end of the fu rnace-casing 1 has a back wall or flue-sheet 19, connected by iiues 20 with a Hue-sheet 21, forming one of the walls of the exit-fines 22. The cold-air entrance 23 is in this instance at the lower rear end of the furnace-casing, which is provided with baiiieplates 24 to retard the passage of the air toward the front end of the casing, which constitutes the hot-air chamber 25, the latter being separated from the combustion-chamber by a dome 26 in the latter. In this form of my invention the products of combustion pass through the iiues 20 to the exit 22, while the air admitted through the opening 22 passes in the opposite direction through the furnace-chamber. A door 27 in the rear side of the exitpipe 22 enables access to be had to the interior of the iiues 2O for the purpose of cleaning the latter. The front flue-sheet 19 is provided with a horizontally-disposed deiiector 28 in order that a portion of the products of combustion may be deflected downwardly and compelled to pass through the lower lues. The tendency in the absence of some deflecting means would be for the products of cornbustion to seek an exit through the upper 'lues only. The operation of this modiiied form of my invention is practically the same as that of the form illustrated in Fig. 1, with.

the exception that products of combustion pass through the lues and the air in the opposite direction through the casing of the furnace.

It is obvious that in order to obtain the most satisfactory results it is desirable that the ues throughwhich either the air or the products of combustion are caused to pass should be of considerable extent as to length in order that the products of combustion at the points of their discharge may be reduced as nearly as possible to the temperature of the coldvair which enters at a point'approximate to the point of discharge of said products of combustion. In order to accomplish this re- Itis also evident that when this accomplishing the saving of every available heat unit, and in order at the same time to economize in space and in cost of construction, I have devised the modified form of my invention which has been illustrated more particularly in Figs. 3 and 4of the drawings. In this form of my invention the furnace-casing is constructed with a central longitudinal partition 30 and with a curved back wall 31, the central partition dividing the furnace-casing into two separate compartments 32 and 33. At the front end of the former the combustion-chamber 34 is located, while the front end of the compartment 33 communicates with the exit-flue. A flue-sheet 35, which is disposed transversely across the rear ends of the compartments 32 and 33, is connected at its ends or edges with a curved partition 36 parallel to the back wall 31. It will be understood that this fine-sheet and partition connect the top and bottom ofthe furnace-casing, and thus combine to form a chamber 37. Flues 38 and 39, extending through the compartments 32 andl 33, respectively, connect the flue-sheet 35 with aline-sheet 40, forming theback wall of the combustion-chamber, and with a flue-sheet 41, which forms one of the walls of the exitiiue. Barile-plates 42 are suitably disposed within the compartments of the casing. Cold air is admitted through a suitable inlet, which may be disposed at the front end of the compartment 33, preferably below the exit-flue. It is obvious that by this construction the products of combustion will pass from the combustion chamber through the fines 38, chamber 37, and fines 39 to the exit, while the cold air entering'the casing at the front end of the compartment 33 will pass to the rear end of said compartment, where it will be compelled to pass through the space or channel 42 between the back wall 31 and the partition-plate 36 to the rear end of the compartment 32 and through the latter to its front end, where the hot-air chamber is preferably disposed above the combustion-chamber. It is obvious that when this construction is carried out the products of combustion and the air to be heated are compelled to pass in opposite directions through an extended space, and it follows that the products of combustion at the point of their exit will be reduced more nearly to the temperature of the air entering ata point close to said exit-point of the products of combustion and that consequently, such being the case, the objects of my invention will be more nearly attained.

It will be readily understood that the structural details may be Widely modified without departing from the spirit of my invention. The accompanying drawings, in fact, may be said to have been reduced to diagrams simply suiiicient to illustrate my invention and the preferred modes of carrying the same into ef- IOO IIO

fect. It will be understood, therefore,l that I do not limit myself with regard to details of construction, but reserve the" right to all modifications within the scope of my invention.

I desire to state, furthermore, that the principle of my invention is capable'of being applied to the heating of other iuids than air. Thus by making proper structural modifications the principle ot' my. invention is capable of being applied with equal success to a waterheater as to an air-heater, the object being in each case to reduce the temperature ot' the products of combustion at the point of their exit to a degree approximating as nearly as possible to the temperature of the iiuid, whether it be air or water, which enters at a point close to such point of exit.

Having thus described my invention .I claim- 1. In aheating apparatus, afurnace-casing having compartments disposed contiguous to each other, a combustion-chamber at the front end of one of said compartments, an exit-flue at the front end of the other compartment,`

flue connections between the combustionchamber and the exit-iiue, an air-inlet below said exit-nue, a hot-air chamber contiguous to the combustion-chamber, and a connectingpassage between the air-inlet and the hot-air chamber; p

2. In a heating apparatus, a furnace-casing having compartments disposed contiguous to each other, a combustion-chamber at the front end of one ot said compartments, an exit-flue at the front end of the other compartment, a iiue -sheet disposed transversely across the compartments of the furnace-casing, a partition connecting the ends of said flue-sheet at a distance from the back wall of the furnacecasing, ues extending through the compartments of the casing and connecting the uesheet with the back wall of the combustionchamber and with the exit-fine, air-inlets below the exit-flue and a hot-air chamber contiguous to the combustion-chamber.

3. In a heating apparatus, afurnace-casing having compartments disposed contiguous to each other, a combustion-chamber at the front end of one of said compartments, an exit-ue at the front end of the other compartment, a iuesheet disposed transversely across the compartm'ents of the furnace-casing, a partition connecting the ends of said fine-sheet at a distance from the side and back walls of the furnace-casing, iiues extending through the compartments'of the casing and connecting the fine-sheet with the back wall of the combustion-chamber. and with the exit-iiue,-an airinlet below the exit-nue, a hot-air chamber contiguous to the combustion-chamber and bathe-plates in the compartments of the casing.

4. In a heating apparatus, a furnace-casing, a combustion-chamber and an exit-Hue spaced apart by extended tine-passages, and an airintake and a hot-air chamber likewise spaced apart by the extent of the flue-passages, said air-intake being disposed contiguous to the exit-flue and said hot-air chamber contiguous to the combustion-chamber, the back wall or flue-sheet of the combustion-chamber being provided with a deector to direct the products of combustion toward the lower hues.

-In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses. i SAMUEL F. SHAFER.

Witnesses:

' HARRY M. LINDSAY,

GEO. VELKEL. 

